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The Science of Zombies: Digging Up Truth About the Undead

Accompanying LibGuide for the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Library's Science of Zombies Exhibit.

Wade Davis

Wade Davis holding plants in forest

Field photo of Wade Davis, anthropologist, author, and National Geographic Explorer in Residence. In seeking the natural drug associated with zombification, Davis came to understand Vodou (or Voodoo) as a combination of Haitian folk beliefs and West African religious traditions, far beyond its popular depictions in Western culture. Used with permission by Wade Davis.

“Zombie” at Twilight

Zombie artwork

Original artwork depicting a “Zombie” at twilight, in a field of cane sugar in Haïti. By the artist, Jean-Noël Lafargue. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons.

Zombies in Film

King of Zombies movie poster

Yarbrough, J. (Director). (1941). King of the Zombies [Motion picture]. USA: Monogram Pictures.

A lost island, a mad doctor, foreign spies, and zombies!

"Scientific" cause depicted: Hypnosis and a Voodoo ceremony.

Digging Up Truth About the Undead


Zombie exhibit banner reading "The Science of Zombies: Digging Up Truth About the Undead"

Exhibit Sources

Ackermann, H.W., Gauthier, J. (1991). The ways and nature of the zombi. The Journal of American Folklore, 104 (414), 466-494. 

Aguzzi, A., & Heikenwalder, M. (2006). Pathogenesis of prion diseases: current status and future outlook. Nature Reviews Microbiology(10), 765-775.

American Scientist Interviews: Wade Davis on zombies, folk poisons, and Haitian cultureAmerican Scientist,  75 (4), 412-417.

Barash, D.P. (2012, October, 6). Who's in charge inside your head? The New York Times

Booth, W. (1988). Voodoo Science. Science, 240 (4850), 274-277.

Corbet, B. (1990) [Review of the book Passage of darkness: the ethonobioloy of the haitian zombie]. Bob Corbets Home Page

Davis, W. (1985). The serpent and the rainbow. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Davis, W. (1988). Passage of darkness: The ethnobiology of the Haitian zombie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Fuks, J.M., Arrighi, R.B.G., Weidner, J.M., Mendu, S., Jin, Z., Wallin, R.P.A....Barragan, A. (2013). GABAergic signaling is linked to a hypermigratory pehnotype in dendritic cells infected by Toxoplasma gondii. PLOS Pathog. 8 (12).

Gajdusek, D. C. (2008). Early images of kuru and the people of Okapa.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences363 (1510), 3636.

Gajdusek, D. C. (2008). Kuru and its contribution to medicinePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences363 (1510), 3697-3700.

Gal, R., Rosenberg, L. A. and Libersat, F. (2005). Parasitoid wasp uses a venom cocktail injected into the brain to manipulate the behavior and metabolism of its cockroach preyArchives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 60, 198–208. 

Hahn, P.D. (2007) Dead man walking: Wade Davis and the secret of zombie poison. Biology Online

Harmon, K. (2012). Zombie creatures: what happens when animals are possessed by a parasitic puppet master?. Scientific American

Liberski, P. P. (2009). Kuru and D. Carleton Gajdusek: a close encounterFolia Neuropathol47, 114-137.

Littlewood, R., Douyon, C. (1997). Clinical findings in three cases of zombification. Lancet, 350, 1094-1096. 

Mathews, J. D. (2008). The changing face of kuru: a personal perspective.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences363 (1510), 3679-3684.

McAuliffe, K. (2012). How your cat is making you crazyAtlantic309, 36-44.

Milius, S. (2013). Little mind benders: Parasites that sneak into the brain may alter your behavior and healthScience News183 (2), 24-28.

Reid, L. M. H. (2008). Memories of kuru while at Okapa, Papua New Guinea in 1957Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences363 (1510), 3657-3659.

Stitz, L., & Aguzzi, A. (2011). Aerosols: An underestimated vehicle for transmission of prion diseases?Prion(3), 138-141.

Yan, J. (2013). Psychiatrist hunts for evidence of infection theory of schizophrenia. Psychiatric News, 48 (3), 17. 

Zimmer, C. (2006). The wisdom of parasites. Discover Magazine

Zimmer, C. (2011). How a zombie virus became a big biotech business. Discover Magazine

Zimmer, C. (2012). Your guide to zombie parasite journalism. Discover Magazine

Zimmer, C. (2012, December, 5). How to control an army of zombies. The New York Times

Zivkovic, B. (2011). Revenge of the zombifying wasp. Scientific American

Additional Resources Available Through USC Libraries

Clairvius Narcisse

Clairvius Narcisse covering face in cemetery

Photo of Clairvius Narcisse in the graveyard where he was buried. Prior to being admitted to the hospital, and before being declared dead, his symptoms included fever, body aches, and general malaise. He also had begun coughing up blood. Doctors noted that he was suffering from digestive disorders, pulmonary edema, hypothermia, respiratory diffuculties, hypotension, various paresthesias, and blue-tinged lips. Photo taken by Wade Davis. Used with permission. 

Puffer Fish

Puffer fish in ocean

Puffer Fish. Pufferfish (Family Tetraodontidae) are generally considered one of the most poisonous vertebrates in the world after the golden dart frog (Phyllobates terribilis). Some of its organs, including the liver and skin, may be highly toxic when eaten. However, in some cultures it is considered a delicacy, especially in Japan where it is known as “fugu,” and must be prepared by specially trained chefs. Photo retrieved from Wikimedia Commons.

Tetrodotoxin Molecule

Tetrodotoxin Molecule line diagram

Structure Diagram of Tetrodotoxin Molecule. Tetrodotoxin is a powerful neurotoxin with no known antidote, and is nearly 100 times more poisonous than potassium cyanide. The toxin can enter the body by ingestion, injection, inhalation and through abraded skin, and causes paralysis of voluntary muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, problems breathing, the loss of vagal regulation of heart rate, and the loss of sensation. Photo retrieved from Wikimedia Commons.